the Maastricht treaty, the EMU convergence era, and the financial crisis. In detail, we find: (i) Since the 1980s the role … treaty, and again with the wake-up call due to the onset of the financial crisis. (ii) Before the financial crisis EMU member …

the Maastricht treaty, the EMU convergence era, and the financial crisis. In detail, we find: (i) Since the 1980s the role … treaty, and again with the wake-up call due to the onset of the financial crisis. (ii) Before the financial crisis EMU member …

financial crisis. (ii) Before the financial crisis EMU member countries had de facto been perceived as a homogenous group with …

recent major crises, of the legal framework governing the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), as well as current … of the EMU.The following Section II (“The Impact of the Three Major Crises During the Period 2007-2021”) develops on how … Financial Supervision (ESFS) and the then of the Banking Union (BU), in some pillars of which the role of the ECB is significant …

This paper uses reprojection to develop a benchmark to assess ECB monetary policy since January 1999, the start of EMU … German monetary policy is then reprojected onto the EMU period (1999:01-2001:08). We find that the German real interest rate … in place during the EMU period is significantly lower than it would have been in case the Bundesbank were still in charge …

This paper uses reprojection to develop a benchmark to assess ECB monetary policy since January 1999, the start of EMU … German monetary policy is then reprojected onto the EMU period (1999:01-2001:08). We find that the German real interest rate … in place during the EMU period is significantly lower than it would have been in case the Bundesbank were still in charge …

7 European countries. The simulation results indicate a significant role for the banking sector. Moreover some …

This paper uses reprojection to develop a benchmark to assess ECB monetary policy since January 1999, the start of EMU … German monetary policy is then reprojected onto the EMU period (1999:01-2001:08). We find that the German real interest rate … in place during the EMU period is significantly lower than it would have been in case the Bundesbank were still in charge …

its effectiveness as LoLR, the ESM be given a banking license. To reduce the illegitimate and unaccountable abuse of the …