Azerbaijan is an oil rich country facing three severe problems at the same time: economic volatility, the need to promote industrial diversification and the recent sharp fall in oil prices which many expect to continue. It is thus a highly appropriate time to conduct a study for this...

This work analyzes some system-wide macroeconomic consequences of lower (sustainable) water availability, when global economic growth is postulated according to the Shared Socio-Economic Pathway 1 (SSP1), for the reference year 2050. After finding that the rather optimistic forecasts of economic...

In this present work, the authors, after a brief survey of current economic theories of non-renewable resources, propose an alternative mechanism for ore pricing that is consistent with sustainable development.Technological change, technological pluralism, costs and environmental issues are the...

Macro-level manmade problems can often be best solved by understanding and manipulating the economics behind it. The world today is facing genuine problems of scarcity of resources and environmental & ecological issues in view of intergenerational equity. The paper proposes a new approach of...

Economic activities affect the environment through a multiplicity of channels. Besides generating GHG emissions that induce climatic changes, every modern economy is connected to the environment throughout a continuous flow of materials. To generate economic wealth, a modern economy demands...

As the name indicates the common land resources (CLR) have “common access” to all and are used for various economic gains. They include community land, community pastures, community forest, wildlife, wasteland, common dumping, threshing ground, the banks and beds of rivers regulated by...

While literature on companies' contributions to local development exists, little is known about the specific dilemmas encountered on the ground when operating under adverse conditions, and how transparency can be improved. Companies typically need to navigate through a complex web of...

Domestic laws are the ideal legal instrument to regulate the mining sector’s contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. Even so, as a stop-gap-measure, governments may consider updating model mining development agreements (MMDAs) or negotiating climate­-related contractual...

Indigenous and tribal peoples’ right to free, prior and informed consent (FPIC) has transformative potential. Where this right is recognized and meaningfully operationalized, FPIC can help safeguard a variety of rights specific to indigenous and tribal peoples, and while doing so, remake the...