Whereas the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 put an end to airline subsidization in the USA, things look quite different in the European Union: after more than a decade of discussions about liberalization and the advent of the single market, most European routes are still monopolies or duopolies...

Measured by value of goods transported, about one third of all international trade today is moved by air. Severe cyclical fluctuations around the generally strong growth trend of the last decade have meant considerable problems for air freight companies, however. How have they attempted to deal...