This paper discusses the growing dimensions of the offshoring of service activities both in manufacturing and service industries. Trade in Value-Added data implies a great potential of service offshoring for global welfare, however, the negative effects have to be balanced by appropriate...

Based upon the foundations of mean-variance decision-making theory, we demonstrate that a change in the risk situation of an international enterprise open currency position does not inevitably require a corresponding hedging accommodation. Given a new risk situation, whether a revision of the...