This article presents a generic model for pricing financial derivatives subject to counterparty credit risk. Both unilateral and bilateral types of credit risks are considered. Our study shows that credit risk should be modeled as American style options in most cases, which require a backward...

Using a continuous time, structural model of a dealer-bank, we derive fair value equations for credit risky financial products that can not be perfectly hedged, fully taking into account the impact the contracts have on the dealer-bank's earnings volatility and, consequently, their solvency and...

We distill evidence about the effects of COVID-19 on companies. Stock price reactions to the shock differed greatly across firms, depending on their resilience to social distancing, financial flexibility, and corporate culture. The same characteristics affected the response of firms' sales,...

This article presents a valuation model for generic cancellable structured notes. In general, there may be any number of cancellation legs in a product, and a cancellation leg will cancel a fixed number of other legs. The model can calculate the expectation of cancellation legs with respect to...

Since commodity derivatives typically trade by futures (a.k.a. forwards), there is a need to model the dynamics of the forward curve. This article presents a generic multi-factor model for pricing commodity derivatives. Our theoretical results show that commodity prices are driven by multiple...

This article provides an insightful overview of the challenges encountered by the insurance industry when applying the requirements of IFRS 17 to reinsurance contracts. Through the metaphor "Fitting a Square Peg in a Round Hole," the author effectively captures the complexities and difficulties...

The year 2022 was one of the most difficult periods for the global financial market in many years. Due to a unique combination of adverse economic and geopolitical factors, investments in almost all assets, with few exceptions, had negative returns in 2022. Even investment assets such as...

Equity-linked notes are flexible financial products that give investors favorable capital treatment. The payoff of a note depends on the performance of a basket of equities or indices averaged over a certain period, but is bounced below by a guaranteed amount. This article presents a new model...

We consider the debt capacity of a risky asset when debt is being rolled over and there is a liquidation cost in case of default. We show that debt capacity depends on how information about the quality of the asset is revealed. When the information structure is based on “optimistic”...

Banks hold liquid and illiquid assets. An illiquid bank that receives a liquidity shock sells assets to liquid banks in exchange for cash. We characterize the constrained efficient allocation as the solution to a planner's problem and show that the market equilibrium is constrained inefficient,...