abundance of time series studies that focus on examining for causality via exclusions restrictions tests, impulse response … methods. We show, in part 2, that ELG results based on standard causality techniques are not typically robust to specification …

surveyed the empirical export-led growth literature; it was evident that Granger non-causality tests are commonly applied as a … non-causality test for ELG by reconsidering two applications: Oxley's (1993) study for Portugal and Henriques and Sadorsky … examining the robustness of Granger non-causality test results to avoid spurious outcomes in applications. …

cointegration and error correction model methodology. The results suggest that a stable long-run relationship exist between real M2 … demand function. The analysis from the vector error correction model (VECM) and the Toda & Yamamoto (1995) causality tests …

This paper explores the linkages between the different stock markets in the Greater China region. Cointegration tests …

approach, and we perform the cointegration and Granger causality analysis employing the methods of vector error correction … bilateral but exhibits stronger evidence on the causality of output→finance; and (2) economic growth, financial development and …

bounds testing indicate the presence of cointegration among the variables. The estimated long-run impact of gas consumption … and growth in Pakistan. Furthermore, the results of causality test and variance decomposition analysis suggest a … unidirectional causality running from natural gas consumption to economic growth. Gas being the primary source of energy in Pakistan …

under the framework of Granger causality and panel cointegration for Pakistan over the period 1981-2008. The result supports … th e evidence of panel cointegration between FDI and output. FDI has a positive effect on output in the long run. The … result also supports the evidence of long-run causality running from GDP to FDI, while in the short run, the evidence of two …

to 2008. The Johansen cointegration methodology along with Granger causality through VEC is applied to the annual time … series data. The results of the cointegration analysis provide evidence of a valid long-run relationship between unemployment … and different kinds of property crimes. The results provide evidence of unidirectional causality running from unemployed …