The trade-offs involved in the extent of appropriability conferred by intellectual property right (IPR) protection to …

In a model of vertical product differentiation, duopolistic firms face qualitydependent costs and compete in quality … and price in two segmented markets. Minimum quality standards, set uniformly or according to the principle of Mutual …

We examine the R&D and export decisions of two ex ante symmetric firms in symmetric countries, with both unit trade … costs and fixed entry costs to the export market. When both trade costs are low, there will be a symmetric, cross …-hauling duopoly, but if fixed costs are fairly high, unit trade costs are low and R&D is relatively cheap, there will be an asymmetric …

) open to trade, two possible equilibria arise. In the first one, the quality leader maintains its position. In the second …When two countries starting from different quality levels (reflecting different conditions on domestic market demands …, leapfrogging occurs. However, the latter is possible only if the initial quality gap is not too wide. Further, when the risk …

trade. When there is a mixture of horizontal and vertical quality regulations, the profit-shifting motive for protection is …Regulatory standards, such as on health and safety, may be subject to strategic bias when a country engages in trade …. Where regulation is to correct an undersupply of quality by a monopolistic industry, if regulators do not cooperate and …rms …

This paper examines the effect of trade barriers on quality levels in a duopoly model for two countries where products … producers converge in case of market integration i.e. when the trade barrier is reduced. If a common minimum quality standard is … are both vertically and horizontally differentiated. In the absence of quality regulation the producer in the large …

This paper examines the relation between price differences and quality differences in an oligopoly model with intra …-industry trade, where goods are horizontally as well as vertically differentiated. The analysis demonstrates that the ratio of prices … is not linked to the ratio of qualities in any simple way. The paper therefore questions empirical trade studies using …

self-regulation. Specifically, we model a profession that can decide about the quality of the service, and we examine if … professionals reduce the fixed cost of providing quality, and hence the motive to restrict entry is mitigated. Nonetheless, we find …

international trade. However, the economic literature so far has solely focused on the case in which quality trade stems from … differences between countries. No studies investigate the role of quality trade between similar economies. This paper first … model yields three main predictions for trade between similar economies. First, exported goods are of higher quality than …

the high quality is produced by the efficient firm. We show that a sufficiently high MinimumQuality Standard reverses …