China's impressive growth is rooted in the liberalization of a surplus labor economy that has a high saving rate. The reallocation of surplus agriculture labor to industry and service sectors generates a growth effect that shows up in total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Net TFP, the...

The United States has traditionally financed elementary and secondary education through property taxation. In the past two decades, litigation in many states has triggered educational reform movements designed to reduce the inequalities in educational expenditures across districts inherent in a...

The traditional view of the monetary transmission mechanism rests on the<p> premise that the Federal Reserve (Fed) controls the level of the Federal<p> funds rate via open market operations and the liquidity effect. By contrast,<p> this paper argues that the Fed also manipulates the Federal funds rate...</p></p></p>

The distribution of the least squares and the instrumental variable estimators of the coefficients in a linear relation is noncentral student when the data are normally distributed around possibly non-constant means. This is the claim of the paper and we show for what definition of a noncentral...

Starting with a realist ontology the economic methodologist, Tony Lawson, argues that econometrics is a failed project. Apparently more sympathetic to econometrics, the philosopher of science, Nancy Cartwright, again from a realist perspective, nonetheless argues for conditions of applicability...

This paper raises the problem of how to define revealed probabilistic beliefs in the context of the capacity/Choquet Expected Utility model. At the center of the analysis is a decision-theoretically axiomatized definition of "revealed unambiguous events." The definition is shown to impose...

The purpose of the paper is to provide a general framework for analyzing "preference for opportunities." Based on two simple axioms a fundamental result due to Kreps is used in order to represent rankings of opportunity sets in terms of multiple preferences. The paper provides several...

The main result of this paper characterizes possibly non-symmetric strategy-proof and efficienct choice functions as Perfectly Competitive. Efficiency is defined as impossibility of improvement by reallocation of commodity among finite sets of agents, and largeness of the economy is captured by...

Causal relations between U.S. federal taxation and expenditure are analyzed using an approach based on the invariance of econometric relationships in the face of structural inverventions. Institutional evidence for interventions or changes of regime and econometric tests for structural breaks...