This paper addresses concerns that the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, with the exception of the GCC economies, has lagged behind in trade liberalization. This delay has adversely affected production efficiency and consumer welfare and could reduce the region`s ability to attract...

Global energy demand is likely to increase by 45 percent by 2030. Climate change will threaten existing employment and necessitate new green jobs. Funding has gone towards such renewable energy technologies as wind and solar; such fuel economy options as second-generation hybrids, plug-in...

Foreign firms accused of dumping in the WTO system may face punitive duties if they do not cooperate with domestic investigative authorities. These punitive tariffs are typically based on domestic firms' allegations - so-called quot;facts availablequot; dumping margins. This paper analyzes a...

This paper uses a new dataset on the universe of Canadian imports and tariffs between 1924 and 1936, disaggregated into 1697 goods originating in 112 countries, to analyze the impact on Canadian imports of interwar Canadian trade policy, including the 1932 Ottawa trade agreements. Rather than...

Traceability requirements aim to protect consumer health, prevent the spread of adulterated or dangerous products, and facilitate the identification of goods during recalls. This paper aims to provide the impact of traceability related non-tariff measures (NTMs) on trade between 53 exporting and...

In this paper, we explore the role of trade in the evolution of labor share in Latin American countries. We use trade agreements with large economies (the United States, the European Union, and China) to capture the effect of sharp changes in trade. In the last two decades, labor share has...

Eastern Caribbean Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have a high dependence on international trade for income, employment and poverty reduction given their extreme openness, small market size, narrow range of resources and productive capabilities and specialized economic structures, making...

This paper examines how border carbon adjustments (BCAs) may address the unintended consequences of uncoordinated global climate action, focusing on the economic implications for Canada. We investigate these implications under different BCA design features and by considering a coalition of...

This paper delves into the developmental trajectory and future prospects of China Railway (CR) Express, a containerized railway freight service between the People's Republic of China (the PRC) and Europe, and examines the associated infrastructure investment needs for enhancing Eurasian freight...

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) initiated by China in 2013 is a new experiment in regional cooperation, which aims to improve infrastructure connectivity through investment. This paper investigates whether the BRI created exports for its member states (excluding China), based on a...