vollzeitbeschäftigte Wissenschaftler, die multidisziplinäre oder angewandte Forschung betreiben und daneben noch einer Selbstständigkeit … least one invention, only 4,5% of the sample are engaged in commercialization activities. Therefore the vast majority of … tätigen Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler zu untersuchen. Ergebnisse zeigen, dass an deutschen Hochschulen vor allem …

We present an approach that aims to comprehensively account for scientists' academic engagement and commercialization … activities. While previous research has pointed to the economic and social impact of these activities, it has also been hampered … allows us to more accurately account for ‘independent' activity, i.e. academic engagement and commercialization outside the …

research funds than academic commercialization does, but both continue to be dwarfed by public funding. We find evidence of … types of university-industry relations: academic engagement (sponsored research, industry collaborations, and presentations …), academic commercialization (patenting, licensing, and start-ups) and traditional academic scholarship. It exploits large …

research funds than academic commercialization does, but both continue to be dwarfed by public funding. We find evidence of … types of university-industry relations: academic engagement (sponsored research, industry collaborations, and presentations …), academic commercialization (patenting, licensing, and start-ups) and traditional academic scholarship. It exploits large …