The financial crisis and subsequent economic recession led to a rapid increase in the issuance of public debt. But large-scale purchases of bonds by the Federal Reserve, and other major central banks, have significantly reduced the scale and maturity of public debt that would otherwise have been...

In the "new normal" for monetary policy, central bank balance sheets are likely to be larger and used more actively than before the Global Financial Crisis. Those who manage assets for central banks should take account of the asset and liability choices of many other policy-makers - those...

Reserves and institutional asset managers have to constantly monitor and assess risk-return trade-offs in the markets where they invest. Among the various tools and indicators that they employ, understanding the balance sheet strength of commercial banks is indispensable. This is because of the...