The relationship between organizations and environment is examined within the context of General Systems Theory. It is argued that the policy problem confronting the modern organization is to cope with environmental turbulence. Three modes of coping with fundamental uncertainty are identified....

Keynes was a member of the Bloomsbury group, a group that took its credo in some measure from the philosophy of G.E. Moore. However Keynes was unable to follow through the implications of this early influence into his economics cumbered as he was with his ‘Marshallian baggage’....

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to make a case for an international clearing house. Design/methodology/approach – The systems postulate is used: the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Specifically, the 2007 Godley‐Lavoie model is exploited. Findings – Domestic banking...

The distinction between costs and prices aggregates into the conflict between wages and profits in a macro-accounting framework. We exploit the Godley and Lavoie (2007) framework to derive a dynamical system in the variables. Deflation in at least one price is both necessary and sufficient for...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to appraise the transition from bank‐based systems to universal banking. Design/methodology/approach – The Wynne Godley and Francis Cripps macroeconomic framework is used to structure the argument. Findings – It is shown that the activity of...