Most of population health surveys appeal to proxy respondents, when surveyed persons with poor health are not able or do not want to answer the questionnaire by themselves. Yet, it may give rise to a strong endogeneity problem since the use of a proxy respondent is likely to be linked to...

A bivariate probit model with sample selection is used to estimate the conditional probability of reporting a need for personal assistance (NPA) with at least one activity of daily living among French community-dwelling elderly. 71.8% of men and 77.3% of women reported impairments and among...