The EU has developed various instruments aimed at combining the protection of the environment with the operation of the market. Eco labels have been recognized from the 1990ies onward as a way to bring public authorities and civil society together with a view to promote environmental concerns....

Entropy is generally a measurement of the fuzziness degree for a fuzzy set. This paper studies the entropy calculation of the standard product of two general fuzzy intervals, i.e. C=A×B, and then provides some simple formulas to get the entropy of the product C. Those formulas are composed of...

During retail stage of food supply chain (FSC), food waste and stock-outs occur mainly due to inaccurate sales forecasting which leads to inappropriate ordering of products. The daily demand for a fresh food product is affected by external factors, such as seasonality, price reductions and...

Purpose – Weather is often referred as an uncontrollable factor, which influences customer’s buying decisions and causes the demand to move in any direction. Such a risk usually leads to loss to industries. However, only few research studies about weather and retail shopping are available in...