The so called classic model of tax compliance behaviour interprets the problem as an individual decision under risk made by a single taxpayer. After a concise description of this model our literature survey investigates whether the empirical results found in the literature corroborate the...

The so called classic model of tax compliance behaviour interprets the problem as an individual decision under risk made by a single taxpayer. After a concise description of this model our literature survey investigates whether the empirical results found in the literature corroborate the...

The United Kingdom has twice suffered major disruption as a result of fuel panics first in September 2000 coincident with a wave of fuel protests and more recently in March 2012 following politcal warnings of possible future supply chain disruption. In each case the disruption and economic...

This paper examines the effect of objective function structures on the optimal management decisions (in particular, asset allocation and surplus/deficit spread period) for a model defined benefit superannuation scheme. The objectives of employer-sponsors, members and trustees are identified,...

Using a multi-stage stochastic programming method, we suggest an optimal liability-driven investment(LDI) strategy for a closed defined-benefit pension fund including real assets. The objective is to jointly optimize contribution, funding ratio, and buyout cost, subject to a constraint on...

This paper describes the crisis of Romania's pension system , and analyses the reforms the government elected in 1996 is undertaking to resolve this crisis. Insolvency was principally due to demoralization of the system in the period following the collapse of Communism. Governments from 1990 to...

As opposed to defined benefit pension schemes, which are showing sustainability problems around the world, individual capitalization systems are seen as financially solvent. However, there has been some controversy during the last years with respect to this system´s ability to provide adequate...

In the United States, the funding of pensions is based on two pillars: a PAYG system pays basic pensions at a federal level; pension funds managed by public or private employers complete this system. The recession of 2009 has reduced the resources of the PAYG system. However, the funding has not...

This paper presents a summary of the U.S. pension system. First, our goal is to explain how unfunded and funded pension schemes work. We also study how the economic and financial crisis has affected these different schemes. Moreover, we examine the official long-run forecasts of the evolution of...

This paper is concerned with the conditions under which a compulsory pay-as-you-go pension system, in which the current generation of workers finances the pensions of those who are currently retired, is superior to the use of private saving.