Over the last two decades, the degree of international financial integration has increased substantially, becoming an important area of research for many financial economists. This paper explores the determinants of the asymmetries in the international integration of banking systems. We consider...

The aim of this article is to develop new international financial integration indicators together with their determinants: financial openness and regularity (balance) of the bilateral financial flows. The study's contribution is based on the definition of the Standard of Perfect Financial...

The aim of this article is to develop new international financial integration indicators together with their determinants: financial openness and regularity (balance) of bilateral financial flows. The study s contribution is based on the definition of the Standard of Perfect Financial...

The aim of this article is to develop new international banking integration indicators together with their components: openness and regularity (balance) of the bilateral bank flows. We define the Standard of Perfect Banking Integration (SPBI), which characterizes the scenario attainable when...

One of the most remarkable features of globalization is the boost undergone by international trade triggered off by advances in technology that have contributed to reduce the cost of trade (e.g., transportation and communication costs). Under these circumstances, the importance of distance...

This working paper presents a set of indicators to measure regional trade integration, with a special focus on the case of the European Union. We propose measures of openness, connectedness and integration which are tuned to evaluate not only how these components contribute to the advance of...

One of the best-established empirical results in international economics is that bilateral trade decreases with distance, despite the reductions in the costs of trade brought about by globalization. This working paper proposes an explanation to this apparent contradiction (labeled as the...

This article explores how trade integration has advanced over the last four decades and what the foreseeable future holds, among other related questions. To this end, we consider certain methods which have scarcely been used in the literature on trade integration. First, we measure trade...

At the forefront of the economic consolidation of the euro area, banking integration came to a stall following the beginning of the 2008 crisis. Since then European banks started retrenching their asset holdings within national borders, effectively reducing the scale of their European...