The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of productivity in the European railways in the period 1970 …–95. We use a non-parametric approach that enables changes in productivity to be broken down into variations in efficiency and … technical change. The results indicate that the productivity growth is concentrated in the last period (1985–95), when the …

productivity, but this effect was stronger in the areas in which railways were already built. Moreover, railways helped industrial … same time, the Kingdom of Italy started a large infrastructure project to spread railways, which were largely confined in … Northern Italy, all over the country. Using tools from spatial econometrics, we find that railways played a positive effect on …

developed in European railways systems are working from the efficiency perspective. The main contribution of the paper is the … servir de referencia. Among the European policies focused on increasing the railways market share versus other transportation … use of a liberalization index that is related with efficiency indexes estimated by Programmatic Efficiency methodology …

is twofold. Firstly, we estimate efficiency levels derived from two alternative approaches: a non-parametric DEA analysis … results obtained in the literature are due to the different approaches used to measure efficiency. Secondly, we update the …

restructuring measures on efficiency and productivity and the results are not totally unambiguous. However, while most of the papers … impact in terms of efficiency and productivity, the impact of vertical separation has produced different results in the … literature. The contribution of this paper to the existing literature is twofold. Firstly we estimate efficiency levels (using a …

. We undertake a systematic empirical analysis of productivity in the Indian Railways—the world’s largest employer subject … increasing the representation of members of marginalized communities in jobs comes at the cost of reduced productive efficiency … have reduced efficiency in the railway system. We find no evidence for such an effect; indeed, some of our results suggest …