Productivity and efficiency are key performance indicators of improved seeds. Efficiency differences explain part of … the variation in productivity. Improved seeds may affect efficiency because farmers often do not apply inputs at optimum …. Improved seeds therefore not only directly affect productivity but also indirectly through efficiency. If productivity and …

We consider economic development of sub-Saharan Africa from the perspective of slow convergence of productivity, both … across sectors and firms within sectors. Why have 'productivity enclaves', islands of high productivity in a sea of smaller … low-productivity firms, not diffused more rapidly? We summarize and analyse three sets of factors: First, the poor …