The aim of this paper is to determine how contract conditions in licensing agreements between Poland and the industrialized market-economy countries influence the long-term effects of imports of modern technology. Analysis is confined to two essential aspects of this problem. The first concerns...

Generally speaking, the structure of Polish licensing sales seems to be inadequate to the country's level of development and existing scientific and technological infrastructre. The predominance of advanced capitalist countries as receivers of disembodied technology and the marginal share of...

Does enhanced shareholder liability reduce bank failure? We compare the performance of around 4,200 state-regulated banks of similar size in neighboring U.S. states with different liability regimes during the Great Depression. The distress rate of limited liability banks was 29% higher than that...