This paper surveys the empirical literature on the behavior of referees in professional football and other sports. Referees are typically appointed by a principal to be impartial, especially when unbiased referee judgment is vital for the accomplishment of the principal's objective. Answering...

This paper analyzes potential gender differences in competitive environments using a sample of over 100,000 professional tennis matches. We focus on two phenomena of the labor and sports economics literature: the hot-hand and clutch-player effects. First, we find strong evidence for the hot-hand...

The National Football League (NFL) has recently received significant negative media attention surrounding the safety of its players, revolving largely around the long term health risks of playing the sport. Recent premature deaths and instances of suicide associated with chronic traumatic...

Religious beliefs influence many aspects of peoples’ daily lives, so it is plausible to argue that religion affects some of humanity’s most central endeavors, such as trade, migration, foreign investment and tourism. This paper investigates the role a country’s religious affiliation plays...

This paper uses data from the National Hockey League (NHL) to consider the potential gains to firms from employing culturally diverse work teams. It finds that the presence of foreign workers does increase firm-level performance: NHL teams that employed a higher proportion of European players...

<em>Super Golfonomics</em> continues along the path of Professor Shmanske's pathbreaking <em>Golfonomics</em>. It uses economic and statistical analysis of the sport of golf for three main purposes, (1) For the enjoyment of golfers and fans of professional golf, (2) to teach a little economics and show how it can...

Why do universities place so much emphasis on athletics? Are the salaries of head coaches excessive? Should student-athletes be paid? Why is there so much cheating in college sports? Should athletic departments be subsidized by the university? Does Title IX unfairly discriminate against men's...

2002 is a key year for sustainable tourism because of its international recognition at Johannesburg Summit. This one is due to tourism actors? mobilisation. However, multiple initiatory make sustainable tourism difficult to understand, mainly about production offered. When one analyse both...

This article starts by recalling the trends in urban tourism within the last two decades in France, thereby insisting on the shortcomings of definitions and the difficulties in measuring. It shows how policies fostering tourism lead to a competitive struggle between cities. However towns...

Various studies find evidence that the NCAA men’s basketball section committee exhibits bias in the seeding of teams for the “March Madness” basketball tournament. Fewer studies examine whether March Madness betting markets are efficient. Using a decade’s worth of NCAA and point spread...