This 2020 report presents the results of a survey of levels of financial literacy in the South East European countries of Bulgaria, Croatia, Georgia, Republic of North Macedonia;, Moldova, Montenegro, and Romania. In addition to calculating globally comparable financial literacy scores, the...

This report examines FinTech applications and use cases in the Asian region and provides an overview of the most recent and prominent digital innovations in finance. It reviews policy tools used by jurisdictions in the region, and suggests policy responses intended to support financial...

This document represents the 2022 update of the Toolkit for Measuring Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion. The OECD/INFE questionnaire included in this toolkit is designed to collect relevant information about financial literacy, financial inclusion, financial resilience and financial...

We present a model in which banks and other financial intermediaries face both occasionally binding borrowing constraints and costs of equity issuance. Near the steady state, these intermediaries can raise equity finance at no cost through retained earnings. However, even moderately large shocks...

This paper studies the cyclical properties of real GDP, house prices, credit, and nominal liquid financial assets in 17 EU countries, by applying several methods to extract cycles. The estimates confirm earlier findings of large medium-term cycles in credit volumes and house prices. GDP appears...