We find that procyclical stocks, whose returns comove with business cycles, earn higher average returns than countercyclical stocks. We use almost a three-quarter century of real GDP growth expectations from economists' surveys to determine forecasted economic states. This approach largely...

Family reconstitution data: a cliometric view -- History of cliometrics -- Growth theories -- Cliometric approaches to war -- GDP and convergence in modern times -- Cliometrics and the great depression -- Financial Systems -- Cliometric approaches to international trade -- Time series -- The...