The treatment of the difference arising on consolidation has been both a subject of debate (especially in the English-speaking counties) and a source of international diversity in financial reporting. The implementation of the EU Fourth and Seventh Directives could be expected to reduce the...

This paper summarizes the results and draft conclusions of a joint research project.' The focus is on the French concept of Provisions pour risques et charges and on the UK concept of contingencies. The work included both comparative conceptual analysis and an empirical investigation of some one...

Because Islamic banks are prohibited from entering into transactions based on riba (interest), they mobilise funds mainly on the basis of the mudaraba (profit-sharing) form of contract. Thus, in the place of interest-bearing customer deposits, Islamic banks offer investment accounts the return...