When analysts issue both earnings and pre-tax income forecasts, they implicitly provide a forecast of income tax expense. We find that these pre-tax income forecasts have a negative (positive) effect on corporate tax avoidance for firms with relatively aggressive (non-aggressive) tax policy. We...

In this study, we examine the impact of main bank relationships and institutional ownership on management's incentives to meet or beat analysts' expectations in Japan. We hypothesize that close main bank relationships reduce managers' incentives to meet or beat analysts' expectations since...