New Public Management (NPM) has been guiding public sector reform for about 25 years now. Its position on the design of effective management control structures rests on three key ideas: (1) performance improvement requires a results-oriented culture that emphasizes outcomes rather than inputs or...

Most scholars in public administration and management research would agree that there is a connection between the culture of a nation or region and the way management in public administration is structured and working (“public management arrangements”). However, to be incorporated into...