Over the last two centuries, the international financial system has experienced important financial shocks and important historical events have shaped financial markets and economies worldwide. We revisit financial integration across international markets during the period from 1870 to 2016 by...

The empirical finding of an inverse U-shaped relationship between per capita income and pollution, the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), suggests that as countries experience economic growth, environmental deterioration decelerates and thus becomes less of an issue. Focusing on the...