This study examines how earnings penalties to motherhood combine with the cost of partner absence to affect single … parenthood is as strongly linked to reduced income as partner absence. Comparing how these different routes to single motherhood …

poverty among mothers after childbirth and divorce/separation. The analysis was carried out for twelve EU countries, which …. Countries with low post-childbirth poverty include those with an explicit pro-natalist orientation and socio-democratic regimes …. High post-childbirth poverty rates are found in pro-traditional and South European conservative countries, and especially …