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Factors usually considered in models attempting to explain the economic growth of countries do not include geography as a determinant. One possible rationale for this omission is that geographic characteristics of a territory are considered part of its endowments, positive or negative....
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West-Africa and West-Europe is investigated for which the main objective is to minimize the trade route's supply chain … outbound leg (Africa-Europe), while several ports in the E.U. and the U.K. are selected as inbound leg. The analysis is …
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Trade is essential for economic growth and development in East Africa. However, trade has been hampered by various … of One-Stop Border Posts (OSBPs) has been implemented in East Africa. This report assesses the impact of OSBPs on … transport times and operational costs in the region, with a focus on the impact of OSBPs supported by TradeMark Africa (TMA …
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"What is the role of transport improvements in globalization? We argue that the nineteenth century is the ideal testing ground for this question: freight rates fell on average by 50% while global trade increased 400% from 1870 to 1913. We estimate the first indices of bilateral freight rates for...
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