We distinguish luck from skill in fund portfolios of differing activeness by applying bootstrap simulations. Bootstrapping is important as heterogeneous risk taking according to the activeness of a fund's strategies can bias standard significance tests, causing non-normalities in the...

We measure the ability of professional investment managers in timing cashflow vs. discount-rate news, the two components of market returns. We find that the average U.S. equity mutual fund exhibits cashflow-timing skills of 2.12/year, but discount-rate timing of -0.84/year; further,...