This study focuses on comparing and assessing the policy measures Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus took in response to the impact of the U.S. subprime crisis (2007) and of the Great Recession (2008–2009). Being most dependent on cross-border capital inflows, Kazakhstan was most...

This study examines the opportunities for growth in the banking sector in the ENCA region and discusses the challenges involved in providing an enabling environment for the development of the private sector. The banking sector has a key role to play as faster growth and economic diversification...

Household consumption of coal and other dirty fuels for heating and cooking greatly contributes to air pollution both outdoors and indoors. This paper contributes to the literature on the determinants of household heating choice (dirty versus modern energy source). Energy transition in countries...

Transportation corridors and reduced trade costs are essential to develop Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries' foreign trade. However, to intensify intra-CAREC trade as well as the region's global exports, the product portfolio of CAREC countries' industry and...

In dieser Studie werden die Wachstumsaussichten für den Bankensektor in den östlichen Nachbarländern und in Zentralasien untersucht und die Schwierigkeiten erörtert, die sich bei der Schaffung eines günstigen Umfelds für die Entwicklung des privaten Sektors ergeben. Der Bankensektor spielt...