An argument for adjusting Black Scholes implied call deltas downwards for a gamma exposure in a left skewed market is presented. It is shown that when the objective for the hedge is the conservation of capital ignoring the gamma for the delta position is expensive. The gamma adjustment factor in...

An argument for adjusting Black Scholes implied call deltas downwards for a gamma exposure in a left skewed market is presented. It is shown that when the objective for the hedge is the conservation of capital ignoring the gamma for the delta position is expensive. The gamma adjustment factor in...

An argument for adjusting Black Scholes implied call deltas downwards for a gamma exposure in a left skewed market is presented. It is shown that when the objective for the hedge is the conservation of capital ignoring the gamma for the delta position is expensive. The gamma adjustment factor in...

The Gain-Loss-Ratio, proposed by Bernardo and Ledoit (2000), evaluates the attractiveness of an investment opportunity for an investor with a given stochastic discount factor. It can either be used as a performance measure on a market with known prices or to derive price-intervals in incomplete...

The Gain–Loss-Ratio, proposed by Bernardo and Ledoit (2000), can either be used as a performance measure on a market with known prices or to derive price intervals in incomplete markets. For both applications, there is a considerable theoretical drawback: it reaches infinity for nontrivial...