This paper studies the customers’ equilibrium and socially optimal joining–balking behavior in single-server Markovian queues with multiple working vacations. Different from the classical vacation policies, the server does not completely stop service but maintains a low service rate in...

This paper studies customers' entry behavior and regulation strategy formulated accordingly in a multi-server Markovian queue with synchronous hybrid vacations. In case the system becomes empty, partial servers take incomplete vacations whereas the other servers take complete vacations. Unless...