This chapter reviews the data and literature on gender, race and ethnicity differences in research funding in the United States and Europe. The gender gap in research funding has closed at the National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health in the United States and substantially...

Social sciences and economics have undergone enormous progress. While certain topics have been fully researched, others have remained largely under-researched or ignored. It is this discrepancy which prompted the research paradigm of 'Crossing Bridges'. For this volume, ten authors have joined...