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The gas industry is perhaps Russia’s least reformed major sector. Prices are regulated, exports are monopolised and the domestic market is dominated by a state-controlled, vertically integrated monopolist, OAO Gazprom. Gazprom combines commercial and regulatory functions, and maintains tight...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005046214
for a cleaner energy mix. Furthermore, additional production will soon come on stream, and there is a reasonable chance of … longstanding due to sluggish reform away from monopoly provision by the state-owned incumbent. As elsewhere, energy use has …, which relies primarily on energy-efficiency measures and an increase in the share of renewable-electricity product. This …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009386333
instruments ...<BR><P>Ce document examine plusieurs aspects de la politique de l’environnement de la Pologne. Sa conclusion … des amendes portant sur les émissions, des subventions publiques à l'environnement, et la publication de listes des pires … pollueurs. D'autres facteurs importants de succès ont été la cohérence à long terme de la politique de l'environnement, le …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005046104
Ce document analyse certains aspects économiques de la politique de l'environnement en France, en se concentrant sur … des autres pays de l'OCDE, la France cherche depuis quelques années à rendre sa croissance durable pour l'environnement …. Ces efforts ont longtemps été basés sur les instruments traditionnels de protection de l'environnement, notamment des …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005046190
Since 1997, the Netherlands has had a tax allowance scheme that was introduced to promote investments in energy …-saving technologies and sustainable energy production. This so-called Energy Investment Tax Allowance (EIA in Dutch) reduces up …-front investment costs for firms investing in the newest energy-saving and sustainable energy technologies. The basic design of the EIA …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011276640
Household energy consumption, mostly due to residential heating, is a large component of energy demand in developed … countries and thus a target for public policies aimed at reducing negative environmental effects and energy dependence. This … paper uses detailed Spanish household micro data to model the related decisions on the type of heating energy source and on …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010843562
Are efficiency improvements in the use of natural resources the key for sustainable development, are they the solution to environmental problems, or will second round effects –so-called rebound effects- compensate or even overcompensate potential savings, will they fire back? The answer to...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005001823
present energy sources. It is not that fossil fuels will disappear, but rather the certainty that they will become … increase of a critical resource - energy - will force unforeseen changes in production and in distribution of goods, affecting … the whole productive matrix - including employment. Not only new products and distribution systems based on higher energy …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10005621905
This paper presents a method for estimating treatment effects of regulations when treated and control firms compete on the output market. We develop a GMM estimator that recovers reduced-form parameters consistent with a model of differentiated product markets with multi-plant firms, and use...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014377413
regressions, controlling for macroeconomic factors such as economic development, GDP growth, urbanisation, as well as the energy …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012799647