This article contributes to the literature on institutions and economic growth by conducting an empirical examination of the links between innovation and institutions. Using cross-country data and the instrumental variable method, this study finds that institutional arrangements explain much of...

This article contributes to the growth literature by developing a formal growth model that provides the basis for studying institutions and technological innovation and examining how human capital and institutional constraints affect the transitional and steady state growth rates of output. The...

In a recent paper, Kemp and Shimomura extend the basic Heckscher-Ohlin model to show that no country has an incentive to hoard its technology. This basic result is not new. It was first shown by William Ellis in 1825. Ellis extended Ricardo's model to obtain the same free trade result. The...

Paul Krugman was awarded the 2008 Nobel Prize in Economics 'for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity' (http://nobelprize.org). This article assesses the importance of Krugman's contributions to both the state of our knowledge and methodology as a profession. The focus...

While the debate over whether and why convergence between national productivity rates between countries over time has occurred is a lively one, the discussion has largely ignored two issues: the development of a generalized theoretical model of cross-country growth patterns that could explain...

Two fundamental issues which have been ignored in the convergence debate are addressed in this paper. First, there has been little attention paid to the development of a general model which is able to explain convergence or divergence. Second, in the rush to put data to a convergence hypothesis,...

This is the first study of the effects of sexual orientation on labour supply. After discussing various reasons to expect that labour supply could differ by sexual orientation, the 2001 Current Population Survey is used to test for differences in both labour supply and labour market status...

This note looks at Smith's critiques of bounties (read "subsidies") on exports. Smith's analysis of bounties foreshadowed the basic trade policy framework of distortions and noneconomic objectives. While Smith did not develop the theory of distortions, he captured the logic of the theory of...

Recent interest in convergence raises questions in the history of thought concerning the origins of the concern over convergence. The authors find that, in the classical period, interest in convergence centered around the connection between the growth of neighboring countries and one's own...