How do you value companies which have IPOed recently? How do you compare them amongst their peers? Valuing companies using a linear extrapolation of their revenues and profits leads to an ingenious method to benchmark stocks against each other. Here we present such a method, dubbed the growth...

Since the EU passed the PSD II, countries across the world have or are contemplating a new framework to govern data sharing among different players in financial markets—a trend called ‘Open Banking’ that requires or encourages banks to share consumer-permissioned banking data with third...

Our legacy financial infrastructure has both limited growth opportunities and contributed to the inequality of opportunities. Around the world, 1.7 billion are unbanked. Small businesses, even those with a banking relationship, often must rely on high-cost financing, such as credit cards,...

The suitability requirements (SRs) regulated in the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) II have attained a new, additional role. Traditionally used to protect investors from abusive conduct perpetrated by advisers and portfolio managers, the SRs have now become a critical...

Personal choices drive global warming nearly as much as institutional decisions. Yet, policymakers overwhelmingly target large-scale industrial facilities for reductions in carbon emissions, with individual and household emissions a mere afterthought. Recent advances in behavioral economics,...

In order to prevent use of the formal financial system for illegal ends, international frameworks and domestic law require financial institutions to collect personal information from individuals at the time of opening accounts, as well as on an ongoing basis. These obligations give rise to...

The EU project is at an inflection point. Intra-EU alliances are altering in light of the UK’s departure, the EU’s financial markets remain segmented, and there is limited appetite for completing the Banking Union. The second stage of the Brexit negotiations also collided with the COVID-19...

After introducing some fundamental concepts of relevance to Islamic finance, this article describes investment funds used to make investments in the United States, lease (ijara) investment structures used for real estate investments in different jurisdictions (including the early development of...

This article outlines the development of English company law in the four centuries before 1900. The main focus is on the evolution of the corporate form and the five key legal characteristics of the corporation - separate legal personality, limited liability, transferable joint stock, delegated...

The subject, importance, application, origin and discipline of accounting is grossly misunderstood in this modern age especially as the development and application of the computer and the internet seemed to have obscured the function and contributions of accountants or so it seemed to some....