likely to do so since it broke out. On the other hand, the consumers who had mostly been paying in cash have often continued … growth of cashless payment usage. The divide between those who pay in cash and those who do not, therefore, seems to have … of factors differentiating usage of cash and the cashless instrument is needed …

In order to understand why there is a continuous increase in euro banknote circulation even though the use of cash for … workstream of the Eurosystem Research Network on Cash (EURECA) 1 have conducted a study on the foreign demand for euro banknotes … factors behind the demand for euro banknotes, for both store-of-value and transaction purposes. In particular, euro cash flows …

We analyze for the first time cash holdings of private households in all euro area countries from 2002 to 2019 within a … panel cointegration framework. Besides the traditional determinants of cash demand like transactions balances and … opportunity costs, we concentrate on cashless payments media as substitutes to cash payments and the role of the shadow economy …

Using merged data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) and the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this paper … the initial problems were overcome within one year of the introduction of euro cash …