This article proposes a trade restrictiveness quantity index (TRQI) to measure the welfare impact of trade restrictions based on a distance functions approach. The TRQI embodies two Farrell measures of efficiency-respectively for producers and consumers-that can be computed using standard...

This paper establishes a political support model of immigration reforms. The analysis highlights the distinction between border enforcement and employer sanction measures in that the former can be more aptly characterized as an income transfer from employer to native labor interests, whereas the...

In this paper, we examine the role of migrant network in determining patterns of outmigration. Conditions under which migration equilibrium may permit multiple steady states are identified. Our analysis discusses instances where migration generates its own demand and explains differences in...

Despite recent multilateral efforts to single out child labor in debt bondage as one of the worst forms of child labor, several important questions have yet to be addressed: How pervasive is the phenomenon? Are there systematic correlations between the incidence of children in debt bondage and...