A fundamental element of planned economies is the idea that exchange between units and firms should be planned by authorities remote from the performance of the exchange. The institutions, where plan governance is the main mechanism, are therefore assumed to affect how trust is developed and...

To better manage and understand the speed at which firms internationalize, managers and scholars need an appropriate conceptualization and a reliable and valid measure of speed of internationalization. The literature, however, adopts a limited temporal perspective and usually conceptualizes and...