We investigate a decentralized supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer where the retailer simultaneously determines the retail price and order quantity while experiencing customer returns and price dependent stochastic demand. We propose an agreement between the manufacturer...

This paper introduces the calculation formula and measure standard of Gini coefficient, and measures the spatial agglomeration degree of main agricultural products in Guangdong Province by Gini coefficient. We also analyze the influencing factors of the agglomeration of main agricultural...

In this paper, we examine a single period problem in a supply chain in which a Stackelberg manufacturer supplies a product to a retailer who faces customer returns and demand uncertainty. We show that the manufacturer incurs a significant profit loss with and without a buyback policy if it fails...

We document the changes in dynamic stochastic structure of the various industrial sectors of the Chinese A, B and the Hong Kong share markets. We utilize a robustly estimated vector error correction model with multivariate generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroscedasticity...

We consider a newsvendor problem in a supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and a retailer. The manufacturer is the Stackelberg leader and the retailer is the follower. We examine how the manufacturer can contract a wholesale-price-only agreement with its retailer that maximizes its...

Most existing models of employee spinoffs assume they are driven by a desire to implement new ideas. However, history is replete with examples of spinoffs that were launched to continue with old ideas that their parents were in the process of abandoning. We develop a model of technology choice...

In this paper, we address the problem in which a manufacturer in a supply chain supplies a product to two competing retailers. Both retailers, facing customer returns, must decide on prices for the product. The manufacturer is a Stackelberg leader in the supply chain and the two retailers decide...

Acetyl esterase was produced by a bacterial strain RB3 at a level of 0.59 U mL−1. The strain was isolated from beef cattle rumen fluid under anaerobic condition, and was identified as Escherichia coli. The peak activity of the enzyme appeared after 48 h of culturing under anaerobic...

A review of recent evidence on relative earnings from entrepreneurship versus wage work presents a puzzle: why do individuals become entrepreneurs when entrepreneurs on average apparently earn less than employees? After considering several potential explanations, we empirically analyze one:...

The article is devoted to investigating some fundamentals about a residue cracking gasification (RCG) process for petroleum residues which integrates the catalytic cracking of the residue and the gasification of the cracking-generated coke. Three heat carrier particles were tested to show their...