Official (government-to-government) lending is much larger than commonly known, often surpassing total private cross-border capital flows, especially during disasters such as wars, financial crises and natural catastrophes. We assemble the first comprehensive long-run dataset of official...

Since the integration of Sino-African cooperation, Africa's economic environment has dramatically improved. Nevertheless, Africa has always struggled to lift its economy, sustain its development, and propel its growth between a weak investment culture, social-political crises, and Western...