This chapter addresses the history, use and significance of the term transaction costs. Few words in the economic language have been more abused or fought over and this is shown to result from the emergence of two distinct definitions and uses. The ‘Neoclassical’ definition rests on the...

In standard models of contracts, efficient incentives require the promisor to pay damages for non-performance and the promisee to receive no damages. To give efficient incentives to both parties, we propose a novel contract requiring the promisor to pay damages for nonperformance to a third...

We explore conditions under which collaboration between pharmaceutical firms from 'advanced' and emerging countries becomes preferable to rivalry. We show that that when agreements, such as Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (IP) Rights, allow advanced country firms to take legal...

Might firms' use of data create market power? To explore this hypothesis, we craft a model in which economies of scale in data induce a data-rich firm to invest in producing at a lower marginal cost and larger scale. However, the model uncovers much richer interactions between data, welfare and...

This paper discusses contributions that industrial organization economists have made to our understanding of energy markets and environmental regulation. We emphasize the substantive contributions of recent papers while also highlighting how this literature has adopted and sometimes augmented...

This paper sets out a comparison between the current regulation of the Best Interests of Creditors Rule (BIoC-Test) as it currently exists in the Consolidated Text 1/2020 of the Insolvency Act in Spain and that proposed in the amended proposal made public by the Spain’ Government in July 2021....

In this paper, I develop a structural supply and demand model of the infant formula industry to evaluate the role that endogenous firm product offerings play in determining equilibrium market outcomes and welfare measures. Using the structural model's preference and cost estimates, I evaluate...

The report's main objective is to assess the role that competition has played in the weak development of R&D investments in the Finnish corporate sector in the 2010s. The data suggest that the degree of competition relates to differences in Finland's industry-level R&D-intensity developments in...

This paper documents the existence of primary dealers’ losses in Treasury bond markets and investigates how these losses a¤ect dealers’ market value. Using a novel data set that tracks more than 2,350 primary-to-secondary transactions, we find that bond losses for primary dealers are...

Исследуя тенденции развития экономической ситуации, влияющие на динамику предпринимательской активности РФ, необходимо отметить в качестве ключевых условий...