This article views the four economies of the South in a long run historical perspective of 1500-2000. It contrasts the history and the initial endowments of the two Northern hemisphere economies China and India which are land scarce and labour abundant with the two Southern hemisphere economies...

The recent experience of Eastern European economies- Hungary, Poland and Czechoslovakia - is analysed in terms of two simple models, the first model characterises the planned economy and derives an expression for the monetary overhang. The second model analyses the dynamics of transition in...