The ZEP (zones d’éducation prioritaire), which started in 1982, are one French example ofpositive discrimination in the education system. This program aims to improve the students’achievement in the most disadvantaged schools. It gives more financial resources to schoolsin disadvantaged...

We propose a test for assessing the stability of a temporaleconometric linear model. The test is based on subsampling ideas moreprecisely to the consistency of the least square estimator whose behavior isstudied on subintervals over time. Our test allows to detect breakpoints onthe boundaries...

It is generally assumed that distance in the gravity model strictly reflects frictions impedingbilateral trade. However, distances North-South could also reflect differences in factorendowment that provide opportunities for profitable trade. This paper investigates the hypothesisthat if we...