Purpose: the aim of this paper is to investigate the closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network equilibrium wiht the consideration of three practical factors: two complementary types of suppliers, risk-averse character of the manufacturer and capacity constraints of the suppliers....

According to standard finance, risk and return are positively correlated, but many studies conducted in the behavioral finance and prospect theory context have revealed that risk and return are not positively correlated, but are negatively correlated. In this study, effort has been made to...