In this work we perform a pricing exercise of different types of spread options; we particularly focus on European calendar and crack spread options. We present the expressions followed by the joint characteristic functions of the underlying log-prices for a panel of bivariate processes. The...

A new measure of hedging pressure in commodity options markets—commercial hedgers’ net short option exposure—predicts option returns and changes in the slope of implied volatility curves. Puts are more expensive, and calls are cheaper, when values of option hedging pressure are greater....

We analyse cointegration in commodity markets, and propose a parametric class of pricing measures which preserves cointegration for forward prices with fixed time to maturity. We present explicit expressions for the term structure of volatility and correlation in the context of our spot price...