As the largest energy consuming country and the second largest oil importing country, China has been the net importer of all fossil energy since 2009. With its increasing external energy dependence year by year, as well as frequent occurrences of oil, coal, and electricity shortages, the issue...

Energy poverty, one of the major challenges facing the global energy system, has drawn wide attention from the international community and academia. As the largest developing country in the world, China faces a number of challenges in understanding and resolving the problem of energy...