Nowadays, academic journals of high standing rarely accept a conceptual idea in a paper not instantly accompanied by econometric estimates. The idea would almost certainly get rejected. Empirical validation based on past statistical data has produced an unfortunate backward orientation in...

Covid 19 pandemic, digitalization, Green Deal - Mittelstand companies will face great challenges in the next years besides their sector and size-specific tasks. Derived from Mittelstand research, we outline which legislative motions and support measures policy makers need to pay attention to in...

We use the information compiled as of 15 June 2020 by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in the ADB COVID-19 Policy Database to analyze the measures taken by its 68 members, plus the European Central Bank, and the European Union, to combat the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Measures...

The income of those who attacked the U.S. Congress on January 6, 2021 and were subsequently arrested is estimated using the income in the neighborhood of their residence as a proxy measure. Contrary to common wisdom, we find that the income of the arrestees deviated markedly from that of the...

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, governments around the globe have undertaken multiple policies to control its spread. Yet, only a few studies estimated the cost of COVID-19-related stringency measures on economic output, which can be attributable to the time...

The causal structure of capitalistic commodity production can be revealed by notionally separating total output into two categories: 'necessaries' bought by employees, and the rest constituting society's surplus. The rate of profit is determined in the wage good industry and becomes the system?s...

Helmedag (2012) derives effects on employment caused by changes in (a) uncompensated wage hours, (b) output, (c) productivity, and (d) a combination of the latter two. His results are derived from a linear two-sector model. His closure of the model is based on the determination of the profit...

Reich (2013) recapitulates my model (Helmedag 2012a) incorrectly. Above all, he mixes up exogenous with endogenous variables. Moreover, Reich's interpretation of the system's dynamics is on the one hand formally insufficient; on the other hand, matters are presented in a more complicated way...

Recently, papers have started combining the naming of two popular decomposition methods: the Oaxaca-Blinder method and the Kitagawa method, a popular method in demographics and sociology. Although the two approaches have the same objective in terms of decomposing outcome differences in some...