We explore two complementary approaches to counterfactual analysis in an empirical ATM network example with multiple equilibria. First we simply enumerate and compare the possible equilibria. Second, we examine how different learning algorithms select among them.

This paper develops techniques to analyze the adoption decisions of bothconsumers and firms for competing platform intermediaries in two-sidedmarkets, and applies the methodology to empirically measure the impactof vertical integration and exclusive contracting in thesixth-generation of the U.S....

This paper builds a new model of financial exchange competition, tailored to the institutional details of the modern US stock market. In equilibrium, exchange trading fees are competitive but exchanges are able to earn economic profits from the sale of speed technology. We document stylized...