Empirical pricing kernels for the UK equity market are derived as the ratio between risk-neutral densities, inferred from FTSE 100 index options, and historical real-world densities, estimated from time series of the index. The kernels thus obtained are almost compatible with a risk averse...

This paper illustrates regression and Kalman filtering methods for estimating the time-varying term structure of volatility expectations revealed by options prices. Short- and long-term expectations are estimated for four currencies using daily PHLX options prices from 1985 to 1989. Throughout...

This study uses survey data of fund managers' views on prospects for international equity markets to shed light on why investment portfolios are significantly biased towards domestic equities. We find that fund managers from the United States, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, and Japan...